ISSN 1789-8919
e-ISSN 2786-1562
Absztrakt
CÉL: A legtöbb kutatás azt mutatja, hogy az elhízott gyermekek általában fizikailag inaktívak, és motoros készségeik fejletlenek. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy meghatározzuk az 5-6 éves lányok koordinációs szintjét, figyelembe véve a BMI-t, illetve a táplálkozási állapotukat.
MÓDSZER: A vizsgálatot 132 óvodáson végeztük el. A tápláltsági állapot felméréséhez antropometriai jellemzőket, testtömeget, testmagasságot mértük és meghatároztuk a tápláltsági-indexet (BMI) (kg/m²). A koordináció minőségét a Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) segítségével értékeltük.
EREDMÉNYEK: Az eredmények statisztikailag szignifikáns különbséget mutattak a járás gerendán hátrafelé változónál, 1-3 csoport között az 1. (p = 0,01) és 2-3 csoport között a 2. csoport javára (p = 0,05), míg a többi változónál, nem volt szignifikáns különbség a csoportok között.
KÖVETKEZTETÉS: A kapott eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a normál, túlsúlyos és elhízott lányok között a koordináció minőségében tapasztalható különbségek nem kimagaslóak, a normál tápláltsági állapotú lányok összességében nem mutattak jobb motoros koordinációt, mint a túlsúlyos és elhízott lányok.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Most research indicates that obese children are in general, physically inactive and their motor skills are underdeveloped. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the quality of coordination in girls aged 5-6 years, taking into account their BMI, respectively their nutrition status.
METHODS: The study was implemented on a sample of 132 pre-schoolers. To assess the nutritional status, anthropometric characteristics such as body mass, height and BMI (kg/m²) were measured. The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the quality of coordination.
RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant difference, only in the variable walking backwards on the beam, between 1-3 group in favor of 1st (p = 0.01) and 2-3 group in favor of 2nd (p = 0.05), while in other variables of this study, there were no significant differences between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the differences in the quality of coordination between normal, overweight and obese girls are not drastic, and that girls with normal nutrition status did not show overall higher quality of gross motor coordination than their overweight and obese peers.
Bala, G. (2007). Dizajniranje istraživanja u kineziologiji. Novi Sad: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.
Berkey, C. S., Rockett, H. R., Field, A. E., Gillman, M. W., Frazier, A. L., Camargo, C. A., & Colditz, G. A. (2000). Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls. Pediatrics, 105(4), E56.
Boreham, C., & Riddoch, C. (2001). The physical activity, fitness and health of children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(12), 915-929.
Brunet, M., Chaput, P., & Tremblay, A. (2007). The association between low physical fitness and high body mass indes or waist circumference is increasing with age in children: the ’Quebec en Forme’ Project. International journal of obesity, 31(4), 637-643.
Castenassi, F., Marquess, I., Barbiero, B., Basso, L., Vaz Ronque, E., Mendes-Gerage, A. (2007). Relationship between body mass index and gross motor skill in four to six year-old children. Revista Brasilera de Medicina do Esporte, 13(4).
Cole, J., Belizzi, C., Flegal, M., & Dietz, H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ (Clinical research ed.),320(7244), 1240-1243.
D’Hondt, E., Deforche, B., Bourdeaudhuji, I., & Lenoir, M. (2009). Relationship between motor skill and body mass index in 5 to 10 year-old children. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 26, 21-37.
D’Hondt, E., Deforche, B., Gentier, I., Verstuyf, J., Vaeyens, R., De Bourdeaudhuji, I., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2014). A longitudinal study of gross motor coordination and weight status in children. International Journal of obesity, 22(6).
Duncan, M., Bryant, E., & Stodden, D. (2017). Low fundamental movement skill proficiency is associated with high BMI and body fatness in girls but not boys aged 6-11 years old. Physical Acticity for Health, 35(21), 2135-2141.
Đorđić, V., i Bala, G. (2006). Fizička aktivnost dece predškolskog uzrasta. U G. Bala (Ur.), Fizička aktivnost devojčica i dečaka predškolskog uzrasta (str. 57-74). Novi Sad: Fakultet fizičke kulture.
Gentier, I., D’Hondt, E., Shultz, S., Deforche, B., Augustijn, M., Hoorne, S., Verlaecke, K., Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Lenoir, M. (2013). Fine and gross motor skills differ between healthy-weight and obese children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 4043–4051.
Gillis, L. J., Kennedy, L. C., & Bar-Or, O. (2006). Overweight children reduce their activity levels earlier in life than healthy weight children. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 16(1), 51-55.
Graf, C., Koch, B., Kretschmann-Kandel, E., Falkowski, G., Christ, H., Coburger, S., . . . . Dordel, S. (2004). Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILT-project). International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 28(1), 2226.
Halasi, Sz., Lepeš, J., Đorđić, V., Stevanović, D., Ihasz, F., Jakšić, D., . . . & Marinković D. (2018). Relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life in children aged 7-8 years. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16, 149.
Hardman, C., de Souza Wanderley Junior, R., Antunes de Oliveira, E., & Gomes de Barros, M. (2017). Relationship between physical activity and BMI with level of motor coordination performance in schoolchildren. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 19(1), 50-61.
Hils, A., King, N., & Armstrong, T. (2007). The Contribution of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviours to the Growth and Development of Children and Adolescents. Sports Medicine, 37(6), 533-545.
Kiphard, E.J., & Schilling, F. (1974, 2007, 2017). Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder: KTK. Beltz-Test.
Laukkanen, A., Pesola, A., Finni, T., & Saakslahti, A.(2017). Body Mass Index in the Early Years in Relation to Motor Coordination at the Age of 5–7 Years. Sports (Basel), 5(3), 49. doi: 10.3390/sports5030049
Lima, R. A., Bugge, A., Pfeiffer, K. A., & Andersen, L. B. (2017). Tracking of Gross Motor Coordination From Childhood Into Adolescence. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(1), 52–59.
Logan, W., Scrabis-Fletcher, K., Modlesky, C., & Getchel, N. (2011). The relationship between motor skill proficiency and body mass index in preschool children. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 82(3), 442-448.
Lopes, V. P., Rodrigues, L. P., Maia, J. A. R., & Malina, R. M. (2011). Motor coordination as predictor of physical activity in childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(5), 663-669.
Luz, C., Rodrigues, L., & Cordovil, R. (2014). The relationship between motor coordination and executive functions in 4th grade children. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12(2), 129-141.
Marmeleira, J., Veiga, G., Cansado, H., & Raimundo, A. ( 2017). Relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 53(4).
Mond, J., Stich, H., Hay, P., Kraemer, A., & Baune, B.(2007). Associations between obesity and developmental functioning in pre-school children: a population-based study. International journal of obesity, 31, 1068-1073.
Moore, L. L., Gao, D., Bradlee, M. L., Cupples, L. A., Sundarajan-Ramamurti, A., Proctor, M. H., . . . Ellison, R. C. (2003). Does early physical activity predict body fat change troughout childhood.? Preventive Medicine, 37(1), 10-17.
Morano, M., Colella, D., & Caroli, M. ( 2011). Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children. International journal of pediatric obesity, 2, 42-46.
Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2004). Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75(3), 238–247.
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., Sjostrom, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. International journal of obesity, 32(1), 1-11.
Ostojić, S., Stojanović, M., Stojanović, V., Marić, J., & Njaradi, N. (2011). Corelation between fitness and fatness in 6-14- year Old Serbian Schol Children. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 29(1), 53-56.
Popović, B., Radanović, D., Stupar, D., & Jezdimirović, T. (2010). Efekti programiranog vežbanja na razvoj brzine i eksplozivne snage kod devojčica predškolskog uzrasta. Conference: Kondicijska priprema sportaš, at Zagreb.
Rodrigues, L. P., Leitao, R., & Lopes, V. P.(2013). Physical fitness predicts adiposity longitudinal changes over childhood and adolescence. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 16(2), 118-123.
Sekulić, D. i Metikoš, D. (2007). Osnove transformacijskih postupaka u kineziologiji. Split: Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih znanosti i kineziologije Sveučilita.
Silva-Santos, S., Santos, A., Vale, S., & Mota, J. ( 2016). Motor fitness and preschooler children obesity status. Journal of Sport Sciences, 35(17), 1704-1708.
Smits- Engelsman, B., & Hill, E. (2012). The relationship between motor coordination and inteligence across the IQ range. Pediatrics, 130(4), e950-e956.
Spessato, B., Gabbard, C., & Valentini, N. (2013). The role of motor competence and body mass index in children’s activity levels in physical education classes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 32, 118-130.
Stodden, D., Goodway, J., Langendorfer, S., Roberton, M., Rudisill, M., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: an emergent relationship. National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education, 60(2), 290-306.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2016) Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity. Geneva, Switzerland; WHO, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204176/1/9789241510066_eng.pdf
Williams, G. H., Pfeiffer, A. K., O’Neil, R. J., Dowda, M., & McIver, L. K. (2012). Motor Skill Performance and Physical Activity in Preschool Children. Obesity, 16(6), 1421-1426.
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191-2194.
Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Dorn, J. M., Jones, K. E., & Kondilis, V. A. ( 2006). The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activity in children. Pediatrics, 118(6), e1758-1765.
